Aneurismas da artéria e da veia braquial induzidos por uso contínuo de muleta: relato de caso / Aneurysms of brachial artery and vein induced by continuos use of crutch: case report

O aneurisma arterial induzido por uso de muleta é um evento raro, e a associação com aneurismas venosos não está descrita na literatura. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente que, após o uso prolongado dessa órtese, apresentou quadro de isquemia aguda de membro superior secundária à trombose de um aneurisma da artéria braquial, associado ao achado incidental de aneurismas da veia braquial. Embora a principal causa de oclusão arterial aguda de membro superior seja a embolização de fonte cardíaca, deve-se considerar a possibilidade de embolização arterioarterial por aneurismas provocados pelo uso prolongado de muletas. Os aneurismas venosos também devem ser suspeitados, uma vez que podem ser sede de trombos e fonte de êmbolos pulmonares

Crutch-induced arterial aneurysm is a rare event and there are no descriptions in the literature of cases with concomitant venous aneurysms. We report the case of a patient who, after prolonged crutch use, presented with acute ischemia of the upper limb secondary to brachial artery aneurysm thrombosis, associated with the incidental finding of brachial vein aneurysms. Although the main cause of acute upper limb occlusion is embolization of cardiac origin, consideration should be given to the possibility of arterio-arterial embolization due to an aneurysm induced by prolonged use of crutches. Venous aneurysms should also be suspected since they can be sites of thrombosis, and a source of pulmonary embolism

Experiencias en el diagnóstico y tratamiento del trauma vascular / Experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular trauma

Introducción: el manejo adecuado del trauma vascular es uno de los aspectos más difíciles en la asistencia al paciente politraumatizado. Las lesiones de vasos periféricos tienen un potencial de ocasionar morbimortalidad si no se reconocen o tratan inmediatamente. Objetivo: describir las experiencias en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las lesiones vasculares, a partir de las características de los pacientes para el enriquecimiento del conocimiento en la asistencia medica. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de los pacientes atendidos con traumatismo vascular durante el período de junio de 2005 a diciembre de 2008, en un país de la región asiática. Los resultados se expresan en tablas de porcentajes, para las variables correspondientes a la etiología, topografía de las lesiones, técnicas quirúrgicas utilizadas y resultados del tratamiento. Resultados: se atendieron 46 pacientes con 57 lesiones vasculares, todos hombres menores de 45 años. De ellas el 52,6 se localizaron en los miembros inferiores y la arteria femoral superficial fue la más dañada, con un 19,2 por ciento del total. Se logró conservar la extremidad en el 95,7 por ciento de los pacientes atendidos. Conclusiones: los hombres menores de 45 años y heridos por arma de fuego, fueron más afectados, así como los vasos de miembros inferiores con poca diferencia respecto a los de miembros superiores(AU)

Introduction: The adequate management of vascular trauma is one of the most difficult aspects in polytraumatized patient care. Peripheral vessel lesions have the potential to cause morbidity and mortality if they are not diagnosed or treated immediately. Objective: To describe the experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular lesions, based on the characteristics of the patients for the knowledge improvement of medical care. Results: 46 patients with 57 vascular lesions were treated, all men younger than 45 years. 52.6 percent of lesions were located in the lower limbs, and the superficial femoral artery was the most damaged, with 19.2 percent of the total. The limb was preserved in 95.7percent of patients treated. Conclusions: Men younger than 45 years and gunshot wounded were more affected, as were vessels of lower limbs with little difference from those of upper limbs(AU)

Trauma complexo da mão parte I: lesão vascular, lesão nervosa, lesão tendínea / Complex trauma of the hand, part I: vascular injury, nerve injury, tendon injury

O trauma da mão é uma das lesões mais frequentes nas emergências. O trauma complexo envolve lesões de múltiplas estruturas e tecidos da mão. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é esclarecer os conceitos envolvidos no estudo do paciente com trauma complexo da mão, mais especificamente, na avaliação inicial e manejo primário da mão traumatizada. Procuramos orientar a conduta dos médicos nas diversas situações clínico-cirúrgicas, que envolvem esta patologia, objetivando um julgamento rápido e adequado, interferindo positivamente no desenvolvimento natural da doença, como também nas sequelas decorrentes ao traumatismo. Nesta primeira parte, são abordados os fundamentos e conceitos considerados essenciais na abordagem do traumatismo da mão, lesão vascular, lesão nervosa e lesão tendínea, enfatizando os benefícios de uma conduta multifatorial e assertiva, abarcando as diversas disciplinas envolvidas no atendimento primário do paciente vítima de trauma (AU)

Trauma of the hand is one of the most frequent injuries in emergencies. Complex trauma involves injuries to multiple tissues and structures of the hand. The main purpose of this work is to clarify the concepts involved in the study of patients with complex trauma of the hand, more specifically, the initial assessment and primary management of the traumatized hand. We seek to guide the conduct of physicians in different clinical and surgical situations involving this pathology. Aiming for a quick and proper judgment, interfering positively with the natural development of the disease and also with sequelae resulting from trauma. In this first part the article discusses the fundamentals and concepts considered essential in the management of hand trauma, vascular injury, nerve injury and tendon injury, emphasizing the benefits of a multifactorial and assertive approach, covering the various disciplines involved in primary care of the trauma patient (AU)

Trauma vascular periférico em crianças: fatores relacionados pelo método de regressão logística / Peripheral vascular trauma in children: related factors by the logistic regression method / Trauma vascular periférico en niños: factores relacionados por el método de regresión logística

O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar fatores relacionados ao "trauma vascular periférico" em crianças de seis meses a 12 anos. Coorte prospectiva na qual foram incluídas crianças com veia periférica puncionada pela primeira vez por demítrio e excluídas aquelas com alta/resolução completa das manifestações de trauma após remoção do cateter. Foram realizadas avaliações clínicas diárias em intervalos inferiores a 24 horas. Os dados foram tratados segundo teste de Pearson e método da regressão logística. Dentre as 14 variáveis consideradas intervenientes, quatro foram estatisticamente associadas à ocorrência de trauma: sujidade e umidade no sítio de inserção do cateter, calibre do cateter e idade. A pesquisa evidenciou relação causal entre variáveis intervenientes e o desfecho, "trauma vascular periférico", contribuindo, desta forma, para a estruturação de conhecimento do processo de punção de vasos periféricos em crianças de seis meses a 12 anos de idade

The objective of the present study was to identify the factors related to "peripheral vascular trauma" in children aged six months to 12 years. This prospective cohort study included children with peripheral vein punctured for the first time per side and excluded those with high/complete healing of trauma signs after removing the catheter. Daily clinical evaluations were performed in intervals shorter than 24 hours. Data were treated according to Pearson's test and the logistic regression method. Among the 14 variables considered intervenient, four were statistically associated to the occurrence of trauma: dirtiness and humidity in the catheter insertion site, catheter caliber, and age. A causal relationship was found between the intervenient variables and the outcome, "peripheral vascular trauma", thus, contributing to forming the knowledge of the peripheral venous puncture in children aged six months to 12 years.

Se objetivó identificar factores relacionados al "trauma vascular periférico" en niños de 6 meses a 12 años. Cohorte prospectiva, en la cual fueron incluidos niños con vena periférica punzada por primera vez por lado y excluidas aquellas con alta/completa resolución de las manifestaciones de trauma posterior a la remoción del catéter. Fueron realizadas evaluaciones clínicas diarias en intervalos inferiores a 24 horas. Datos tratados según test de Pearson y método de regresión logística. De las 14 variables intervinientes consideradas, cuatro estuvieron estadísticamente asociadas a la ocurrencia de trauma: suciedad y humedad en el sitio de inserción del catéter, calibre del catéter y edad. La investigación evidenció relación causal entre variables intervinientes y el desenlace, "trauma vascular periférico". Contribuye, en consecuencia, a la estructuración del conocimiento del proceso de punción de vasos periféricos en niños de seis meses a 12 años de edad.

Acute right heart failure caused by iatrogenic brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula following orthopedic surgery

No abstract available.

Pulse Oximetry for the Diagnosis and Prediction for Surgical Exploration in the Pulseless Perfused Hand as a Result of Supracondylar Fractures of the Distal Humerus

BACKGROUND: The management of the pulseless perfused hand in association with a supracondylar humerus fracture following operative stabilisation remains controversial. Previous authors have suggested the use of color-flow duplex monitoring, magnetic resonance angiography and segmental pressure monitoring as objective steps to ascertain blood flow following adequate internal fixation. We examine the use of the waveform of the pulse oximeter in objectively determining a perfused limb and in predicting the need for surgical exploration in patients who present with a pulseless perfused hand after operative stabilisation for supracondylar fracture of the humerus. METHODS: A retrospective review of all supracondylar fractures over a 60 month duration (2005-2009) in our instituition was performed. Each electronic record was reviewed and limbs which had absent radial pulse following admission were identified. X-ray films of each of the patients were reviewed. A search using the Pubmed database was performed with the following keywords, supracondylar humerus fracture, pediatric, pulseless, vascular injury, arterial repair. RESULTS: In this series of pulseless perfused hands following operative fixation of supracondylar fracture, a total of 26 patients were reviewed. All were Gartland grade III extension type fractures. Postoperative pulse oximeter waveforms were present in all but 4 patients. These patients subsequently had exploration of the brachial artery with significant findings. In the remaining 22 patients, waveforms were present and the child had return of the radial pulse soon after operative fixation without any further need for surgical exploration. At 24 months follow-up, all children were well with no neurovascular compromise. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a waveform on a pulse oximeter is a sensitive and easily available modality in determining vascular perfusion as compared to other more complex investigations. The high sensitivity of this test will allow surgeons to objectively determine the requirement for surgical exploration of the brachial artery.

Hiperplasia endotelial papilar intravascular em língua: relato de caso / Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia in tongue: case report

Este relato de caso descreve diagnóstico e tratamento de uma patologia oral rara: hiperplasia endotelial papilar intravascular. Uma paciente jovem do sexo feminino possuía lesão nodular avermelhada na borda lateral de língua com diascopia positiva. Características histopatológicas incluíram vasos sanguíneos calibrosos com lesão bem circunscrita composta por abundantes estruturas papilares revestidas por endotélio (vimentina+, colágenoIV+ e CD31+). A cicatrização completa ocorreu 4 meses após a cirurgia final, sem recorrência após 5 anos de acompanhamento. Esta lesão pode mimetizar o angiosarcoma, por isso diagnóstico diferencial e tratamento correto são de grande importância.

Trauma vascular, visión del cirujano vascular / Vascular trauma, a vascular surgeon's perspective

El 3 por ciento de todas las lesiones en trauma tiene un componente vascular. Con los conflictos armados del siglo pasado se lograron grandes avances en este campo. A partir de la Guerra de Vietnam gracias a las mejoras en el manejo prehospitalario, traslado de pacientes, y avances en técnica quirúrgica se lograron tasas de sobrevida y de amputaciones que se han mantenido estables hasta la fecha. El diagnóstico de lesiones vasculares en extremidades se realiza con el examen físico, sin embargo las lesiones de vasos torácicos y abdominales requieren de imágenes de apoyo, siempre que el paciente se encuentre estabilizado, generalmente tomografía axial computada. La mayoría de las lesiones vasculares son por trauma penetrante, comprometiendo principalmente las extremidades. Con el desarrollo de los procedimientos invasivos vasculares en los últimos años se ha observado un aumento de lesiones vasculares iatrogénicas. Hoy en día muchos pacientes con trauma vascular son manejados por vía endovascular.

3 percent of all injuries in trauma have a vascular component. With the armed conflicts of the last century great progress was made in this field. From the Vietnam War, due to improvements in prehospital management, transfer of patients, and advances in surgical technique, survival and amputations rates achieved back then have been stable to date. The diagnosis of vascular injuries in extremities is performed by physical examination, however injuries of thoracic and abdominal vessels require imaging support, provided the patient is stabilized, usually axial computed tomography. Most vascular injuries are penetrating trauma, compromising mainly the extremities. The development of vascular invasive procedures in recent years have seen an increase in iatrogenic vascular injuries. Today, many patients with vascular trauma are managed by endovascular surgery.